Kindling's office is located at 2200 Sw Gage Blvd, Topeka, KS. At the time of the bombing, Hiroshima was home to 280,000-290,000 civilians as well as 43,000 soldiers. Graham V. A good hatchet for kindling will be light enough to hold in one hand easily. The 6 Hz corneal kindling model is a clinically relevant model that reflects pharmacoresistant limbic seizures, as well as a variety of neurobehavioral epilepsy comorbidities in fully kindled mice. 2. The grown people, like the children, looked with kindling eyes at all turmoil, expecting delight for themselves and for you. Kindling In Benzodiazepine Withdrawal. Weight. 005 % /mSv fatal Cancer risk Deterministic effects of high radiation dose . When dark-onset kindling was given, SWS. Kindling due to substance withdrawal is the neurological condition which results from repeated withdrawal episodes from sedative–hypnotic drugs such as alcohol and benzodiazepines. Estwing Sledge Hammer with Wood Handle — 4-Lb. 4. rabbit gestation is 28-30 days . Pierce and Williams use shades of hope and compassion to paint a striking picture of the grieving process, with their vocal interplay always. Those fries are also special. The MSV(L) will replace the Landing Craft Mechanized-8, (LCM-8,) a Vietnam-era watercraft. kin·dled, kin·dling, kin·dles. On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Make a base of 2 or 3 large logs lying horizontally. Step 1: Gather suitable wood. A single low-dose injection of PTZ. Tinder is the first step in starting a fire (more info on starting a fire here). When using it in a sentence, it is important to treat it as a singular or plural noun, depending on the context. Make sure there's kindling/fuel in the campfire and then put the matches in your hands, look at the campfire, and hold the left mouse button when the prompt comes up. Look at my mage’s gear and compare it to yours and you’ll see a significant difference. . Ans: To chop kindling safely and effectively with a hatchet, follow these steps: Position the hatchet blade at a 90-degree angle to the handle. , 1985; Lothman and Williamson, 1994), is a variation of the conventional kindling model with the advantage that kindling can occur over few days and shows neuronal plasticity in the limbic region (Ebert and Löscher, 1995; Smith et al. Heavy Duty Wood Splitter. You can find his chamber beyond a fog wall, across the valley floor containing blacksmith Vamos at the bottom of the Catacombs that is being. Learning the difference between tinder and kindling, as well as the types of firewood to use is one of four steps You Need To Take Before Starting a Fire. ft. Make It A Gift. the inner cones should be held as close as possible to the metal. 2. In classic studies, kindling of the amygdala increases the duration of the evoked. Lay your largest logs at the base of your fireplace with the ends facing towards you. kindle ⇒ vi. You can take larger stock and process it down into the larger kindling you’ll need later on. A captivating story, loaded with excitement and a magnitude of descriptive, intricately developed battle scenes, plus a nip of good clean humor. The Fiskars X7 is the best hatchet for kindling. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Amagabeli BG400 Fireplace Log Holder. 5. Pinwheel is the boss that lies in the depths of The Catacombs, and arguably the easiest boss in the entire game. Its purpose is to catch fire quickly from the burning tinder and create larger, slower-burning flames so that you can build up the fire. Easy operation requires less force thanks to the patent-pending design. Fortunately, medical detox centers are equipped to help individuals safely withdraw from drugs or alcohol. Summary: Kindling is one of the most widely used models of seizures and epilepsy, and it has been used in its more than three decade history to provide many key insights into seizures and epilepsy. We found 1 solutions for Kindling?. This Item: Kindling Cracker Firewood Kindling Splitter $69. Standard version has this feature. Alcohol Abuse Treatments. Use your knife to shave dry wood from the inside of the bark. K. The Kindling is a creative, action packed read about a tight knit group of middle school kids who discover they possess a special kind of magic, including superpowers. Este efecto explica. Kindling will be directed by Erynn Dalton ( The Gravedigger, Passing Fancy ). All types of tinder are small in size, are comprised of loose material, and burn rapidly. MSV: Medium Systems Vehicle (Banks, Iain M; gaming) MSV: Morning Star Voices (band) MSV: Museum of the Shenandoah Valley: MSV: Mean Success Volume (decision trees) MSV: Mississippi and Skuna Valley Railroad Company: MSV: Multi-purpose Support Vessel: MSV: Magnetically Supported Vehicle: MSV: Months of Service: MSV: MESSA Support. 51+1 sentence examples: 1. i. Kindling may also contribute to a person’s relapse risk, alcohol-related brain damage, and cognitive impairment. Overhanging balconies, neat piles of kindling wood against every wall. Kindling may facilitate the study of these disorders. 1 mSv, while a chest CT delivers 7 mSv (see the table) — 70 times as much. This will prevent obstacles and create a clean space for your kindling. 0. Breaking Down Logs Into Smaller PiecesAnother way to approach it is go to Home Depot, lowes, a lumber yard, etc. How to cut kindling. 1 Excerpt. By Todd South. Offering a cheerless, if thought-provoking, vision of a post-apocalyptic near-future, Armstrong and Butcher open this projected trilogy by sending a large cast of disturbed or outright deranged young people on a quixotic quest. Check Price. Kindling, is defined, as: kindling: 1 n material for starting a fire Synonyms: punk , spunk , tinder , touchwood Type of: igniter , ignitor , lighter a substance used to ignite or kindle a fire n the act of setting something on fire Synonyms: firing , ignition , inflammation , lighting Type of: burning , combustion the act of burning something El fenómeno kindling – sensibilización descrito por Teasdale explica por qué algunas personas se muestran más débiles tras varios episodios depresivos. Kindling wood is the small, softwood piece used to start a fire. MSV stands for Mobile Suit Variation, and it showcases the designs and stories of different models, colors, and customizations of the existing machines. Create Burned Finish. 4. PTZ kindling has been explored for studying epileptogenesis, epilepsy-associated comorbidities, and refractory epilepsy. The ideal humidity level for kindling storage is around 10-20%. --Eudora Welty, 1946, Delta Wedding December 11, 2010Kindling is a material used to start fires, and provide fuel for Adobe Oven and Adobe Kiln. You need to be patient when kindling wood; it's not easy at first. n. What is Kindling # Kindling is an eBPF-based cloud native monitoring tool, which aims to help users understand the app behavior from kernel to code stack. Fatwood Firestarter Kindling Sticks. A medium-sized piece of firewood is. A fire will burn for a while, grow, and provide heat. Kindling follows a group of young men who return to their hometown to turn their friend Sid’s final summer into a celebration of life, love and friendship. According to recent estimates, the average person in the U. Private party contact. McKinley Corbley. u need kindling (rags, bandages, bark or papers work) and fuel (sticks or wooden logs). Disrupting the kindling. "A slide hammer splitter that can handle an unlimited log diameter and a long log length, is lightweight and fast". Roll five dry newspapers into a tight tube, tie the tube into a knot, and light the knot on fire. [1] It is used by scientists to study the effects of repeated seizures on the brain. British Journal of Pharmacology, 88: 507-514. Kindling can be a staple component when starting any form of wood burning fire, whether it’s within a traditional open fireplace or a wood burning stove. In a 2009 study from Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, researchers estimated the potential risk of cancer from CT scans in 31,462 patients over 22 years. Our kiln-dried kindling arrives 15–16 inches in length, lightweight, and as dry as. FrankyFrank5. Inhibition of kindling induction and decrease in seizures in normal and kindled fish, respectively by VPA validated application of the model for preclinical testing of agen. Durable & Rugged. Individuals who have had more withdrawal episodes are. The Logosol Smart Splitter is an easier and more ergonomic way of splitting logs for kindling. Kindling follows a group of young men who return to their home town in order to turn their friend's final days into a celebration of life an. Make sure the paper is dry. Has raised pieces to allow the wood to fall to the side. through 9:00 p. d. The kindling hypothesis suggests a way in which both concepts can be correct. Coronal, sagittal, and transverse MR images showing the location of the electrodes (arrows) in the right amygdala in each animal; the upper two rows show the initial positions in monkey K (red) and monkey S (blue), and the bottom two rows show the positions after replacement. In other words, each time a person attempts to quit alcohol, their withdrawal symptoms get more and more severe. Kindling is a 2023 British drama film written and directed by Connor O'Hara in his feature debut, based on his short film Infinite (2016). I lightly sanded the surface of the box with a hand sander and then rounded off all of my edges with a quarter-inch rounder bit and my trim router. And not to bury the lede, but it also comes with dark mode. Check Price. from that, kindling using PTZ is much easier and less time-consuming than electrical kindling, which requires surgi-cal expertise and infrastructure for implanting electrodes. Release Date: 10/03/2023 . (WEB RSV NIV) Isaiah 50:11 Lo, all ye kindling a fire, girding on sparks, Walk ye in the light of your fire, And in the sparks ye have caused to burn, From my hand hath this been to you, In grief ye lie down! (YLT)The study aimed to analyse the potential risk behind kindling behaviour in Chinese rural families and to provide insights for policymakers in environmental health. Expand. kindling significado, definição kindling: 1. by Signature (Exclusive) The film about a terminally ill boy is the debut feature from writer. British Drama ‘Kindling,’ Starring ‘Sex Education’ Actor George Somner, Picked up for U. Easily ignited material, such as dry sticks of wood,. Tinder is the smallest material that is used when starting a fire that burns really quickly. Videos. The bomb was known as “Little Boy”, a uranium gun-type bomb that exploded with about thirteen kilotons of force. PTZ kindling has been explored for studying epileptogenesis, epilepsy-associated comorbidities, and. Historically, we’ve focused much of our energies on the participant of Kindling, making it fun and easy—no training required easy—to submit, discuss, and vote on ideas. The film explores. 1. Membership eligibility and product restrictions apply and are subject to change. Kindling is a noun that refers to small, dry twigs or sticks used to start a fire. This model has become a pivotal and handy drug-resistant epilepsy model to explore oxidative stress, neurochemical alterations, and structural changes in brain [13]. Holds the wood in place with its rounded edges. 1. Best of the Best. Here are the five initial signs of kindling: Anxious feelings or panic. In my opinion, the winner of safety and ease-of-use go to the Kindling Cracker and Stikkan’s wall-mounted kindling maker. Transient c-fos expression in the central nervous system was first observed after seizure activity and following noxious stimulation in the spinal cord. As a noun, “kindling” refers to small sticks or twigs used to start a fire. Aim of the study: The study aimed at evaluating the potentials of stem bark extracts of Bombax costatum (B. Historically, farmers took advantage of the local ecology to practice intensive, year-round agriculture , growing dry-land crops such as millet during the summer rainy season, and utilizing flood-recession techniques to grow. Keywords: Amygdala rapid. Neurology, psychiatry. Objective: Besides seizures, patients with epilepsy are affected by a variety of cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities that further impair their quality of life. Kindling is an animal model of complex partial epilepsy induced by focal electrical stimulation of the brain. So, here's Kindling, a collection of tools to help with Ignition (get it?): A thread dump viewer. t. This condition has several phases of physiological and emotional changes. We are reviewing the best kindling for wood stoves in the market, keeping in mind the above considerations, if you want you can choose your choice from here-. Kiln dried firewood typically has very low. With each cessation attempt, individuals are at a higher risk for experiencing more severe withdrawal symptoms—up to and including seizures, psychosis and/or death. While kindling in alcohol withdrawal has been described well, it has received less notice for benzodiazepines. So, here's Kindling, a collection of tools to help with Ignition (get it?): A thread dump viewer; A log file viewer; A store & forward cache dump viewer; An archive. To place an order, simply call the Firewood Centre at 0843 523 5060 and ask about our top-quality kindling and other products. Kindling due to substance withdrawal is the neurological condition which results from repeated withdrawal episodes from sedative – hypnotic drugs such as alcohol and benzodiazepines . Chef Partner is James Beard Award-winning Jonathon Sawyer, who brings a worldly perspective and decades of wood-fired cooking to Kindling's internationally inspired menu. When purchased now through Dec 30, you can return this item anytime until Jan 13. 3. 08 mSv: Nuclear power station worker average annual occupational exposure (2010) 0. If you're out here, lack of kindling is the least of your problems. If the axe sticks in the firewood, pick the whole works up and drive it down on the stump a time or two until it splits. La madera no. A romance with flaky-seeming dropout Lily (Mia McKenna-Bruce) also feels. If your not running 16+’s then everything mostly dies before your. Wet kindling will only make your fire harder to get going and can quickly put it out. This work uses the metaphor and mechanisms of kindling to examine gains and losses in function of one excitatory and one inhibitory neuropeptide, corticotrophin releasing factor and somatostatin, respectively, to explore the sensitization hypothesis of amygdala kindling induced hyperexcitability. Kindling by electrodes implanted in the amygdalar nuclei requires 9–16 ADs. EXCLUSIVE: Byron Allen's Freestyle Digital Media has acquired and set release dates for Kindling, a coming-of-age drama starring George Somner with Mia McKenna-Bruce, and Objects, a documentary. , 2005). The linen-wrapped panel includes the works of more than a dozen banned. Signature Entertainment presents Kindling in UK Cinemas and on Digital Platforms April 21. This pleasure either the young men copied from the older ones or the older ones always kept. 99 Your price for this item is $13. 99. C. A recent review examined the literature focused on testing the kindling hypothesis in BD and found inconsistent support (see Bender & Alloy, 2011, for a detailed review). 38 lbs, it’s lighter than the wood you’re splitting, and it’s virtually indestructible. Neighborhood. There’s a mountain of information you can obtain from this type of analysis, so let’s dig in and uncover 5 Clues to Help You Use and Understand the Cues. N/A Oak Wood 20 2 50 Perfectly adequate timber sourced only from non-sentient trees. kin•dle 1. (kĭn′dl) intr. $13. S. A brood or litter, especially of kittens. To place an order, simply call the Firewood Centre at 0843 523 5060 and ask about our top-quality kindling and other products. Ash Tray: Collect 350 Silver Ash. Results: Early life stress is a risk factor for the development of episodes. Create a cone shape with kindling over the tinder, allowing space for air and oxygen to flow. The Crate & Barrel Frame Log Holder maximizes vertical space by storing firewood in a slim stack beside your hearth. 4. 99. A poignant British celebration of friendship, based on true events. Place kindling or finely split dry firewood on top of the newspaper. В комнате холодно, и нам нечем заплатить за дрова. Enchanted Forest: Mushroom 50 3 25 This overgrown toadstool was salvaged from the muck and sun-dried to remove dampness. italian city. Plow & Hearth Boxed Fatwood Fire Starter. Kiln dried logs. If your not running 16+’s then everything mostly dies before your. Adding kindling to Fire will create Large Fast Fire (A waste of kindling. Bind the logs together at the base using an old metal coat hanger or baling wire. With Campfire Materials in your main inventory, right click on the ground to build a fire. Unlike fatwood, our kindling burns with a clean smoke. Reduction of neurotrophin levels in knock-out mice or blockade of neurotrophin signaling in rats retards the development of kindling (8. From $14. Accordingly, the bodies of women were used for kindling the fires. by Signature (Exclusive) The film about a terminally ill boy is the debut feature from writer. Chef Partner is James Beard Award-winning Jonathon Sawyer, who brings a worldly perspective and decades of wood-fired cooking to Kindling's internationally inspired menu. BREAKOUT GROUP IDEAS. Put in some kindling. by Signature (Exclusive) The film about a terminally ill boy is the debut feature from writer. small dry sticks or other materials used to start a fire 2. The most important thing is to keep your kindling as dry as possible. The researchers found that the electrical stimuli initially produced no overt behavioral effects,. Service was decent, the bus staff was on it with empty glasses and dishes. Conclusions: SN exerts anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activity in PTZ kindling model of epilepsy. Ideally, you should start your fire 45 to 90 minutes before you plan to cook. This helps to prevent the increase in the severity of withdrawal episodes. 99 after $25 OFF your total qualifying purchase upon opening a new card. Kindling is a heartwarming film that tells the story of a group of young men who reunite to celebrate the life of their terminally ill friend. 30. 8 and cumulative AD durations of 92. Kindling is part of a $500 million renovation for Willis Tower. Weigh the bag down with heavy rocks or bricks. You may be vulnerable to kindling if you have a history of repeated rapid taper or. 0 ~ latest Pinpoint Quick-start guideOn August 6, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. In a city bursting with world-class places, these are some of the hottest ones. 3 beds, 2 baths, 1352 sq. Look for good, dry wood in the area. Movies. A well-built splitter that is easy to use and install. Menu PlanningKindling boasts a live fire show kitchen, wood-fired plates, and tasty cocktails in the heart of downtown Chicago. Anxiety. Our mission is to make software that people enjoy using. 160. The Jack Jr. Donate. 2. Researchers saw that those who experienced many withdrawal episodes were more likely to develop seizures with each repeated withdrawal episode. #1. If you are just poking around in the dark, earning them might. KINDLING Official Trailer (2023) 46,163 views. With trace profiling, we hope the user can understand the application's behavior easily and find the root cause in seconds. In an attempt to discover predictors of dose change over. Vision. All solutions for "kindling" 8 letters crossword answer - We have 2 clues, 4 answers & 26 synonyms from 3 to 12 letters. 1. Relapsing can have marked effects on the brain and worsen the severity of relapse rates and addiction. Heavy Duty Wood Splitter. You’ll complete Brightfall by playing around seven Nightfalls. Budget Pick: Kindling Cracker Firewood Kindling Splitter. The kindling response is an exaggerated adverse reaction to exposure to a drug. Heaving breaths, the smell of sweat and fear heavy in the air. 4 mSv, or about the amount a person would expect to get from natural background exposure over 7 weeks. Make sure to use a back-and-forth motion to chop the wood evenly. 1. I lightly sanded the surface of the box with a hand sander and then rounded off all of my edges with a quarter-inch rounder bit and my trim router. and look for their reject boards, which HD here sells for 51 cents. The condition takes an individual through varying phases of emotional, psychological, and physical discomfort. In fact, just a five-minute walk from Kindling, Luke’s Beef is crowded with customers waiting for a $9. Crate & Barrel Frame Log Holder. Collect dry, brittle pieces of tinder, kindling, and large logs and branches to feed your fire. Pay $13. alaskan cedar / smoky embers / incense. This study demonstrates that activation of both high-affinity (MR) and low-affinity (GR) glucocorticoid receptors are involved in. S. Rewards: Bungie Rewards Code, Kindling, Event Ticket. Softwoods like cedars, pines, and firs provide much better kindling if you’re collecting in the wild. kindling definition: 1. 0 sec. L, Model# ESH-416W $23. 71. Kindling can also be induced by the repeated administration of subthreshold doses of chemoconvulsants, such as pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) or picrotoxin. population and is one of the leading causes of functional disability among physical and psychological disorders worldwide (Miklowitz & Johnson, 2009). Otherwise this step is optional. Besides trace profiling, Kindling provides an easy way to get an overview of network flows in the Kubernetes. BEST OVERALL: Amagabeli BG010 Firewood Rack. The Sun Joe Hydraulic Log Splitter is no kindling splitter. An archive explorer that understands Ignition project files, gateway backups, modules, and more. KINDLING definition: Kindling is small pieces of dry wood and other materials that you use to start a fire. , Nutt DJ, Taylor S. 100% ECO FRIENDLY - All our kindling is made from trees in Mexico. PDF. Cast, Remarkably Bright Creatures by Shelby Van Pelt, Save Me by M. m. Know the Codes: MSV – “The Big Three”. the inner cones should be as far as possible from the metal. These can be found by opening up your quest menu and selecting the Solstice card. Has 2 holes built into the base for easy installation if need be. $ 38 99. We examined the effects of two alcohol-dosing paradigms on the rate of kindling. [1] A seizure may increase the likelihood that more seizures will. Look through this table and compare 12 best axes in the world which are considered as greatest ones. There were neat piles of kindling wood against the wall. The snap of a twig beneath the weight of a body, almost hidden entirely beneath the crackle of the fire. Read on for a guide to six sizzling 2023 debuts—Chicago’s top new restaurants to book right now. Kindling of the serotonin system comes as a close second in terms of practical cases, but we understand so little of what's happening with how our bodies prioritize the production and binding of 5HT, that it would be irresponsible to fully recognize this phenomenon in clinical practice. Their symptoms caused by repeated changes in body chemistry may become more severe. They may also involve different physiological mechanisms, but this remains to be determined. Carefully sort the stored supply of tinder and kindling prepared from the 10-inch piece of 2×4. Best for Kindling: Snow & Nealley Penobscot Bay Kindling Axe “Easily usable, perfect for kindling, lightweight, still heavy-duty, natural product. Confirm that CRI is running with root privileges. Periodic collected thread names # A new thread is started, which is used to output the name of each execution thread in the current process. The models are characterized by an initial induction of short focal seizures, which evolve in severity and duration with repeated exposure to the electrical or chemical trigger. ’ Too often the descriptions of MSV are incorrect. Monitor humidity levels: Use a hygrometer or a moisture meter to keep an eye on the humidity levels in your kindling storage area. It’s easy and hassle-free to start a fire with fatwood for a warm, cozy feel on a cold winter night. washer and dryer. 4 inches;Kindling wood is the small, softwood piece used to start a fire. So the number of kindling-agent pods correlates with the number of nodes in your cluster. Bonnie moved up and huffed and said, This is your private bathroom. Instead use Firewood). The most important factor with kindling is that it is dry. Mechanisms of these events and clinical implications for treatment are discussed. On the other hand, the best kindling is larger and more dense than tinder but smaller than a typical piece of firewood. The kiln drying process used on millwork wood results in extra-dry, low-moisture wood perfect for fire starting. The bomb was known as “Little Boy”, a uranium gun-type bomb that exploded with about thirteen kilotons of force. Purpose: Kindling of audiogenic seizure (AGS) involves >or=14 AGS over 1-2 weeks in genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-9s) and induces gradual seizure duration increases, epileptiform electroencephalography (EEG), and emergence of post tonic clonus (PTC), which are long-lasting. Open School BC is British Columbia, Canadas foremost developer, publisher, and distributor of K-12 content, courses and educational resources. The effects of doses less than 10,000 mrem (100 mSv) over many years, if any, would occur at the cell level. 2% per 1000mSv) ~ 0. 99. We began providing this service to help bring the trust back to this honest day's work, and provide you the customer with consistent quality and quantity. How to Get Kindling and Event Tickets. Naturally occurring "background" radiation. The log has slivered into kindling. 2. We therefore used the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model of epilepsy in mice to examine potential seizure-associated neuropathologies, focusing on motivation, memory and novel-environment-induced activation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. IsoCore 8-lb Forged Steel Wood Splitter. I loved all the characters, who are so natural and real. v. These results are consistent with the kindling hypothesis but suggest a threshold at which the mind/brain is no longer additionally sensitized to the depressive state. Bullhead Safety Discus Safety Glasses — 10 Base Curve Wrap Around Clear Lens, Model# BH2811 $1. Little H. This drive to. 4. Fiskars. With George Somner, Conrad Khan, Wilson Mbomio, Mia McKenna-Bruce. Kindling is a widely used model for the development of seizures and epilepsy in which the duration and behavioral involvement of induced seizures increases after seizures are induced repeatedly. Usable indoors or out, the Kindling Cracker features mounting options on the base so it can be permanently affixed near your fireplace hearth or an outdoor wood pile. With Azure Arc, Microsoft has expanded the support for ARM to resources running outside of Azure. As soon as one container is empty, fresh kindling is made and gathered to refill it. small dry sticks or other materials used to start a fire 2. Over time, this can sensitize the nervous system with repeated exposure and withdrawal in between doses. Fireplace and stove wood. Kindling is a film about a serious topic, but made with a beautiful light touch. These gates separate the kindling process into 3 "phases" which are different from, but overlap, the traditional behavioral stages of kindling defined by Racine. A tepee of larger sticks enclosing the kindling is a good way to start a fire. Summary: Kindling is one of the most widely used models of seizures and epilepsy, and it has been used in its more than three decade history to provide many key insights into seizures and epilepsy. To help the fire get going quickly, all of the air vents on the stove should be fully open before the fire is lit. Located in the arid Sahel, the Middle Senegal Valley (MSV) is a rich environmental zone for agricultural production. This wood is smaller in size, allowing it to. Methods: We describe aspects of bipolar illness that show sensitization and kindling-like increases reactivity to the recurrence of stressors, mood episodes, and bouts of substance abuse. Kindling is a model for studying epileptogenesis and associated neuropsychiatric conditions. A chest x-ray, for example, delivers 0. 2 seconds, n = 14 and 19 measurements, p = 0. GCPII is a. , 1981 Löscher et al.